In 1993 Kuz’minov and Osiko pointed out that the ‘disturbance�?of stoichiometry in LN crystals is principally mainly because of the deficiency of oxygen in Nb2O5, utilised as a raw substance Original melt (Czochralski method) [186]. Accordingly, dependant upon its generation technology, niobium pentoxide can adopt an array of compositions Nb2O5−x. https://myleskopqo.blogars.com/31532348/examine-this-report-on-lithium-niobate-crystal