The world of printed circuit boards (PCBs) is multifaceted and large, including different manufacturing strategies, applications, and materials. Printed circuit board assembly (PCA) is a crucial process in the electronics sector that entails assembling electronic parts onto a PCB to develop useful electronic tools. At the core of PCB manufacturing https://elearnportal.science/wiki/Innovative_PCB_Manufacturing_Techniques_for_Modern_Engineering_Challenges